Anthrax Clinical and Public Health Implications in Bioterrorism

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Bioterrorism has a long and illustrious history. Infectious disease terrorism requires a different approach than nuclear or chemical bioterrorism. Assyrians used rye ergot to contaminate the drinking water of their opponents in 600 BC. Tartar armies tossed plagueinfected dead bodies into enemy cities throughout the middle Ages, causing epidemics. In 1710, Russian soldiers repeated it against Swedish forces. In the 18th century AD, British forces in America used blankets tainted with smallpox viruses on native Indians and French forces. During World War I, the German Army produced bioweapons such as anthrax, glanders, and cholera. Japanese and American soldiers produced botulinum and anthrax during WWII. In 1942, the British tested anthrax bombs. Anthrax spores were accidentally released into the environment in 1979. At least 68 people died in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Iraq stored anthrax, botulinum, and aflatoxin bioweapons during the Persian Gulf War. Bhagwan Rajneesh infected salad bars in Oregon, USA, with Salmonella spp. in 1984, causing food illness. In 2001, anthrax spores were mailed to a select group of people in the United States, resulting in 22 cases of cutaneous, inhalation, and meningeal anthrax and five deaths. Agents employed as bioweapons have few distinguishing characteristics. Dosage, community transmissibility, and environmental stabilityment, high mortality, challenging diagnosis and treatment, and a paucity of effective treatments vaccinations, as well as the potential for terror and economic upheaval [2]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has released a report. These agents were divided into three groups. Anthrax, botulinum, plague, smallpox, tularemia are all in category A. Virus-induced hemorrhagic fevers  Brucellosis, Clostridium perfringens, Category B Threats from cholera, Shigella, and Salmonella in water and food Nipah virus, coronavirus, and Hantavirus are all in category C. A gram-positive capsulated sporeforming Bacillus causes anthrax, a life-threatening disease. It secretes a powerful exotoxin